Lecture 13, Acid Base Reactions

Acid Base Reactions

1. Definition of an acid/base reaction

Acid as proton donor (HCl)

HCl (aq) -> H⁺(aq) + Cl^-

Base as OH donor (NaOH)

NaOH(aq) -> Na⁺ + OH^-

2. HCl + NaOH

   Total Equation

   HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) -> H₂O(l) + NaCl(aq)

   Dissociation

   HCl (g) -> H⁺(aq) + Cl^-(aq)
   NaOH -> Na⁺(aq) + OH^-(aq)

   Neutralization (spectator ions)

   H₃O⁺ + Cl^- + Na⁺ + OH^- -> 2 H₂O + Na⁺ + Cl^-

   Net Ionic Equation

   H₃O⁺ + OH^- 2 H₂O

3. Magnesium Hydroxide + Nitric Acid

   Balanced total equation

   Mg(OH)₂ (aq) +2 HNO₃(aq)-> 2 H₂O +Mg(NO₃)₂ (aq)

   Total Ionic Equation

   Mg²⁺ + 2 OH^1- + 2 H¹⁺ + 2NO₃^1- - > 2H₂O + Mg²⁺ + 2 NO₃^1-

   Net Ionic Equation

   2 OH^1- + 2 H¹⁺ -> 2H₂O

4. Sulfuric acid and lithium hydroxide

Balanced total equation:

H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 LiOH (aq) -> 2 H₂O + Li₂SO₄ (aq)

Ionic Equation:

2 H¹⁺ (aq) + SO₄^2- (aq) + 2 LI¹⁺ (aq) + 2 OH^1- -> 2 H₂O + SO₄^2- (aq) + 2 Li¹⁺ (aq)

Net ionic equation:

2 H¹⁺ (aq) + 2 OH^1- -> 2 H₂O

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Scott Van Bramer
Department of Chemistry
Widener University
Chester, PA 19013

Please send any comments, corrections, or suggestions to svanbram@science.widener.edu.

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Last Updated 11/17/02