Chapter 12 Lecture Outline

12.2 Types of Solutions and Solubility

1. Ion-Dipole Interactions ( internet© Saunders, 1997)
2. Dipole-Dipole Interactions ( internet© Saunders, 1997)
3. Dipole-Induced Dipole Interactions ( internet© Saunders, 1997)
4. Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole Atomic View( internet© Saunders, 1997)
5. Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole I₂ Macro Scale(< internet© Saunders, 1997)

12.3 Energetics of Solution Formation

12.4 Solution Equilibrium and Factors Affecting Solubility

1. Unsaturated (internet© Saunders, 1997)
2. Saturated (internet © Saunders, 1997)
3. Supersaturated(internet© Saunders, 1997)
4. Liquids in Liquids. Like Dissolves Like.
5. Gases in Liquids. Henry's Law S_g = k_H P_g

12.5 Units of Concentration

1. Definitions
1. Solute
2. Solvent
3. Solution
4. Amount in; mole, mass, or volume
2. Molarity (mole_solute/liter_solution)
3. Molality (mole_solute/kg_solvent)
4. Mole Fraction (mole_solute/mole_solution)
5. Weight Percent (mass_solute/mass_solution x 100)
6. Parts per million by mass (mass_solute/mass_solution x 10⁶)

12.6 Colligative Properties

1. Raoult's Law
   1. P_solvent = X_solvent P^o_solvent
   2. Vapor Pressure of liquid (internet© Saunders, 1997)
   3. Vapor Pressure of solution (internet© Saunders, 1997)

2. Boiling Point Elevation/Freezing Point Depression
   1. [delta] T_bp = K_bp * m
   2. [delta] T_fp = K_fp * m
   3. Freezing Liquid (internet© Saunders, 1997)
   4. Freezing Solution (internet© Saunders, 1997)

3. Osmotic pressure
   1. [Pi] = c R T (c in moles liter^-1)
   2. Micro Scale view of Osmosis (internet© Saunders, 1997)
   3. Macro scale view of Osmosis (internet© Saunders, 1997)

12.7 Colligative Properties of Strong Electrolyte Solutions

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